Bitcoin is an innovative payment network and a new kind of money, and running your own node is how anyone can participate and verify for themselves. Large miners kept producing blocks that used transactions most nodes would not relay as a matter of policy. Following that chain means accepting use of the network for arbitrary data storage, which every node operator on that chain must store at their own expense and, most importantly, risk.

BIP-110, in alignment with the vast majority of node policy, attempted to reject use of the network for arbitrary data storage while leaving ordinary payments alone. That was a softfork: a tighter rule that old software can still follow, and it is not this hardfork. A hardfork is a break away from abuse of the Bitcoin network. Industrial mining firms blocked BIP-110 so they could keep selling block space for that use, then kept mining with those same transactions. Bitcoin with the BLAKE2b algorithm keeps Bitcoin as money only.

What you should do

For common objections, see the FAQ. For the events that led here, see the release notes.